The objective of this research is design of algorithms and real-time system implementations for task of source localization and separation using miniature sensor arrays, where dimensions of the arrays are much smaller than wavelength of the incident signals. The approach is the integration of wavefront sensing and independent component analysis in unique framework that extends the performance of current source separation algorithms and lends itself into efficient implementation in mixed-signal VLSI, yielding real-time performance at small-form factor. (supported by NSF CAREER award)